The tribological behaviors of various microstructures are investigated, but it is mainly focused on wear without fixing hardness and/or chemical composition. Therefore, friction tests between steel pins with different microstructures for similar hardnesses (310–500 ) and abrasive papers with different sizes (15 μm-200 μm) under different loads (50N-110 N) are performed. For each hardness, compared to single-phase and multi-phase microstructures, dual-phase microstructures improve the tribological behavior. Among these microstructures, as martensite colonies become coarser and equiaxe, the tribological behavior is enhanced. Moreover, as hardness increases, friction coefficient and wear rate decrease for each microstructure whereas the microstructure effect on the tribological behavior is less pronounced. A transition in friction behavior and wear mechanisms is observed for an optimal particle size (CPS) around 35 μm.